
world cultures & travelvideoKings and Generals20:04c. 1000 AD–present · India to Europe
From India to Europe: The Romani Odyssey
The Romani people trace their roots to northwestern India. Their language, Romani, belongs to the Indo-Aryan family and still shares vocabulary with Hindi and Punjabi, and genetic studies point to a departure around a thousand years ago. They moved through Persia and the Byzantine Empire, reaching the Balkans by around the 14th century and spreading across Europe. Welcomed at times as skilled metalworkers, musicians and horse traders, they were often enslaved, expelled or persecuted. During the Holocaust, hundreds of thousands were murdered. Today there are millions of Roma across Europe and beyond, with diverse communities and traditions.
Their story is one of the longest migrations in history, reconstructed through language and genetics, and it highlights a community whose heritage and persecution are often overlooked.
The word "gypsy" arose from the mistaken belief that they came from Egypt, which is why Romani people regard it as a slur.