nature & planetanalysisThe Conversation
It’s OK to love all the bees (the honey bees, too)
Honey bees are not the main reason wild bees are declining, according to a review of the evidence. Researchers found that only 15% of 116 studies on competition between honey bees and native bees measured effects on native species' survival, reproduction or population trends. About half the research found honey bees did not change how native bees forage at all, and across many habitats honey bee and native bee abundance rise together more often than they fall. The bigger threats are land use changes that remove flowering plants, rising temperatures, extreme weather, drought and pesticides. Managed bees do carry viruses that can spread to wild bees, and they are essential for crops such as apples and almonds, so the real lesson is to protect the flowers all bees depend on.
Competition between species happens when they need the same limited pollen and nectar. Honey bees live in large colonies and quickly exploit rich patches of flowers, so they could in theory reduce food for native bees. In practice, most native bees forage on different plants or at different times, and most bee species live in deserts and forests far from managed hives.
Blaming honey bees can divert attention from the causes that matter most, such as losing flowering habitat to farms and cities. Pollinators support roughly three quarters of the world's leading crops, so their decline affects food supplies as well as wildlife.
Honey bees are not native to North America; European colonists brought them in the early 1600s.
Illustrative photo · Tanner Smida, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
