science & techWikipedia1979 · Sunnyvale, California, USA

Asteroids was built from a game with an indestructible rock and a vector monitor

the gist

Asteroids was built at Atari in 1979 by Ed Logg, who was asked to improve an unfinished game called Cosmos, in which a giant asteroid could not be destroyed. Logg suggested the opposite idea: rocks that break into smaller pieces when shot. The game combined the two-dimensional space combat of Spacewar! with the completion-driven gameplay of Space Invaders. Its graphics were drawn as lines on a vector monitor, which allowed precise aiming, using a MOS 6502 processor and a custom graphics processor. Because the board had no sound chip, the 13 sound effects were built from hand-wired circuitry.

how it works

Vector monitors draw graphics as moving lines rather than a grid of pixels, so the screen can show sharp shapes and the aim is precise. A processor and a graphics chip tell the monitor where to draw each line in turn.

so what

Asteroids shows how early arcade hardware had to be built around its limits, with clever workarounds replacing parts that did not yet exist. Its design influenced the shoot-and-break formula that many later games used.

fun fact

The game was built to slow down and reboot when a player collected more than 250 extra lives, because its watchdog timer thought the system had crashed.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · text CC BY-SA 4.0

Illustrative photo · Coentor, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons