Geronimo, born Goyahkla around 1829, became one of the most famous leaders of Apache resistance to Mexican and American expansion in the Southwest. His life as a warrior began after a Mexican force attacked an Apache camp near Janos around 1850 while the men were trading in town, killing women, children and guards. Returning to find his wife, mother and three children dead, he burned their home and vowed revenge, and within a year he was leading raids into Mexico. His name was reportedly given by his enemies, and it became a symbol of resistance. His 1906 autobiography, dictated late in life, presented his story in his own words.

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.