A new study in Nature Climate Change finds that many regions have already warmed beyond 1.5°C, with some beyond 2°C, even though the global average is about 1.44°C above preindustrial levels. It is the first regional analysis to fill data gaps in places with poor historical records. Scientists think the world has probably already entered the 20-year period in which the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C limit will be breached, and a UN report in September said there is virtually no chance of staying below it. The Arctic is warming fastest, with consequences such as shrinking caribou herds.

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.