In 1820 a London chemist exposed food adulteration and a lawsuit drove him out of England

historyThe Public Domain Review1820 · London, England

In 1820 a London chemist exposed food adulteration and a lawsuit drove him out of England

the gist

Frederick Accum published A Treatise on Adulteration of Food and Culinary Poisons in London in 1820. It exposed common frauds: chalk and alum in bread, copper in pickles, and harmful additives in beer, wine and tea. He also named the companies involved, which made him many enemies. The book sold a thousand copies in its first month, but a lawsuit forced him to leave England the next year, and he ended his life teaching in Berlin.

so what

Accum is often considered the first to bring food safety to a wide public, and his work helped lay the groundwork for later food regulation. Adulteration scandals, such as the 2008 Chinese milk-tainting case, show the problem has recurred.

Image: The Public Domain Review

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historyWikipediaclassic1336–1565 · Karnataka, India

Hampi was once one of the world's largest cities, until its Vijayanagara capital was destroyed in 1565

the gist

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.

how it works

The city was built around a fortified core with temples, markets and water structures along the river, supplied by an extensive network of roads and waterworks. When the empire fell, the city was not rebuilt, so its stone monuments were left standing.

so what

Hampi shows how quickly a great city can vanish after a military defeat, and how a ruined capital can remain sacred. Its ruins give historians a view of medieval South Asia that few other sites can match.

fun fact

The name Hampi comes from Pampa, an old name for the Tungabhadra River.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · text CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons

source: Wikipedia ↗

2 min

politicsshortCNA2:01

False allegations about Singapore’s hand in Indonesia’s markets and a made-up meeting

from CNA

CNA Verify has found close to 400 posts pushing falsehoods tying Singapore to Indonesia’s stock market rout and to a secret meeting that never took place. Together, they drew nearly 12 million views, and some were circulated by accounts that appeared to be working in concert, across multiple social media platforms.

Here’s how the disinformation campaign targeting Singapore was uncovered.

on YouTube: CNA ↗