pop & funanalysisThe Conversation: Music1778 · Paris, France

Forgotten Mozart notebook reveals how a young woman learned to compose

the gist

A notebook found in the Bibliothèque nationale de France shows Mozart teaching composition in Paris in 1778 to Marie-Louise-Philippine de Bonnières, a gifted young aristocratic harpist. Its 44 pages hold exercises and seven short pieces for flute and harp, with teacher and pupil writing on the same pages. Mozart proposes and corrects ideas while his pupil copies, completes and experiments. Six of the pieces are finished, and the seventh stops unfinished, perhaps because her lessons ended when she married that July. Mozart had dismissively called her uninspired in letters to his father, but the handwriting shows her serious engagement with composition. Such domestic music-making, staged in aristocratic salons, was where many women musicians worked, often leaving little written trace.

so what

The manuscript corrects a long-standing picture of Marie-Louise as a minor figure, and it shows how composition was really taught in the 18th century, through corrected exercises rather than lectures. Salons were a major part of musical life, where patrons and hostesses shaped what was performed and who was noticed. Finds like this are rare because women's musical work was seldom written down.

The Conversation

Illustrative photo · Barbara Krafft, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons