Émile Cohl's Fantasmagorie, made in 1908, is widely considered the first animated cartoon, built from around 700 hand-drawn images. It looks as if it was drawn on a blackboard, but Cohl drew on paper, and the chalk-like effect came from photographing each drawing onto negative film. The title refers to the fantasmograph, a mid-19th-century variant of the magic lantern that projected ghostly images onto surrounding walls. Okkult Motion Pictures, a project from Turin, Italy, excerpted the film into animated GIFs as part of its effort to surface unusual out-of-copyright moving images from internet archives. The full film is available through The Public Domain Review's collection.

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.