science & techESA/Hubble

A Hubble image shows three galaxies at different distances, and light from all three is visible at once

the gist

At first glance this Hubble image seems to show a single galaxy, but it actually contains three galaxies at very different distances. The closest is about 2.7 billion light-years away, a second galaxy lies nearby, and a very distant galaxy about 19.5 billion light-years away sits directly behind the first. The crescent of light is the distant galaxy, bent into a partial Einstein ring by the gravity of the nearer galaxies. Gravitational lensing occurs because mass bends spacetime, which bends light passing through it. The partial ring was identified thanks to SPACE WARPS, a citizen science project in which members of the public helped find lensing systems.

so what

It is a vivid demonstration of general relativity at cosmic scale, and it shows how volunteers can contribute to real astronomical discoveries.

fun fact

Albert Einstein predicted in 1936 that gravity could bend light enough to form rings, though he doubted they could ever be observed.

more on this

background

An Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring (named for Orest Chwolson), is created when light from a galaxy or star passes by a massive object en route to the Earth. Due to gravitational lensing, the light is diverted, making it seem to come from different places. If source, lens, and observer are all in perfect alignment (syzygy), the light appears as a ring.

From Wikipedia: Einstein ring (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗

ESA/Hubble · CC BY 4.0

Image: ESA/Hubble & NASA, H. Nayyeri, L. Marchetti, J. Lowenthal