science & techanalysisThe Conversation2026 · Western United States

Electric companies don’t need to black out customers to prevent wildfires – here are 3 relatively fast, affordable solutions

the gist

Utilities in the Western US are increasingly cutting power to whole neighborhoods on hot, dry, windy days to stop their wires from starting fires, a practice called a public safety power shut-off. Bare overhead lines can short-circuit when branches or wires touch, throwing off sparks, and California utilities have been linked to several of the state's most destructive wildfires. Three cheaper alternatives can reduce risk without blackouts. Covered conductors wrap high-risk lines in polymer insulation, so a branch resting on the wire does not spark. Fast-trip circuit breakers cut power to one short section within a fraction of a second. Smart sensors and AI cameras track line temperature, sag and wind, so operators can isolate a risky span.

how it works

Electrical sparks form when a conductor touches another wire, a tree or the ground. Insulated conductors stop the current from arcing to nearby objects. Fast-trip breakers detect the sudden fault and cut power within milliseconds, before a spark can grow into a fire, so only one segment goes dark.

so what

Blackouts are now common across the West and can last days, so better engineering could keep fire risk down without cutting power. Utilities that rely on the least disruptive tools can avoid both fires and the costs of mass outages.

Illustrative photo · JonTheSucculentDude, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons