John Doe and Richard Roe were fictional names used in English legal documents from perhaps the reign of Edward III in the 14th century. They stood in for real parties so that technical rules about standing and jurisdiction could be satisfied, and the real ejectors could be sued. Medieval remedies were abolished in 1833 and the fictional names in 1852. The name survives today in John Doe injunctions, used against unidentified people threatening to disclose confidential information.

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.