Lithium, the lightest metal, is central to the rechargeable batteries in phones, laptops and electric vehicles, and it also has uses in ceramics, glass and pharmaceuticals. Most of the world's lithium-ion batteries depend on it. Mining, however, is concentrated in a small number of countries, so battery supply chains rest on a narrow geographic base. The chart shows which countries produce the mineral and how much of the total they account for. That concentration matters for the global shift to clean energy, which needs large amounts of lithium.

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.