After the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami caused meltdowns at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, Japan closed down most of its nuclear reactors, and nuclear output fell sharply. Before 2011, nuclear power supplied around a third of the country's electricity. Restarting a reactor now requires approval from the Nuclear Regulation Authority, which was created after the disaster and imposed stricter safety rules on earthquakes, tsunamis and backup power. Some plants have cleared these reviews and resumed operation, while local consent and court challenges still shape which reactors can return. Japan's fossil fuel imports rose in the years the reactors were offline, which is why the restarts matter for energy costs and emissions.

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.