Marvel announced in 2014 that Avengers: Infinity War would be a two-part film, and the plan was to shoot both parts back-to-back. Directors Anthony and Joe Russo later said the films were two distinct projects with shared elements rather than one story split in half, so the first was renamed in 2016. Principal photography began in January 2017 in Georgia and continued in Scotland, Atlanta and New York. The film was shot entirely with ARRI Alexa IMAX digital cameras, the first Hollywood feature to be made that way, and it is among the most expensive films ever made, with a budget estimated at $325 to 400 million.

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.