Hindustani music splits into schools called gharanas, passed teacher to student

world cultures & travelWikipediafrom the 12th century · North India

Hindustani music splits into schools called gharanas, passed teacher to student

the gist

Hindustani classical music is the classical tradition of northern India, and it diverged from the southern Carnatic tradition around the 12th century. Knowledge is passed down through gharanas, lineages of teachers and students who each keep their own style, and who learn by years of close study with a guru. Compositions are sung in languages including Sanskrit, Braj, Awadhi, Bengali, Punjabi, Hindi-Urdu and even Persian, reflecting centuries of courtly and devotional influences. Instruments include the sitar, sarod and tabla alongside voice.

so what

The tradition is a blend of Hindu devotional music and the Persian and Central Asian influences that arrived with Muslim courts, so it belongs to no single community. It is performed across India and abroad.

fun fact

Three of its musicians, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi and Ravi Shankar, have received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna.

Hampi was once one of the world's largest cities, until its Vijayanagara capital was destroyed in 1565

the gist

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.

how it works

The city was built around a fortified core with temples, markets and water structures along the river, supplied by an extensive network of roads and waterworks. When the empire fell, the city was not rebuilt, so its stone monuments were left standing.

so what

Hampi shows how quickly a great city can vanish after a military defeat, and how a ruined capital can remain sacred. Its ruins give historians a view of medieval South Asia that few other sites can match.

fun fact

The name Hampi comes from Pampa, an old name for the Tungabhadra River.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · text CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons

source: Wikipedia ↗

2 min

politicsshortCNA2:01

False allegations about Singapore’s hand in Indonesia’s markets and a made-up meeting

from CNA

CNA Verify has found close to 400 posts pushing falsehoods tying Singapore to Indonesia’s stock market rout and to a secret meeting that never took place. Together, they drew nearly 12 million views, and some were circulated by accounts that appeared to be working in concert, across multiple social media platforms.

Here’s how the disinformation campaign targeting Singapore was uncovered.

on YouTube: CNA ↗