Yerba mate, a South American leaf drink, is shared from a single gourd and sipped through a metal straw

world cultures & travelWikipedia

Yerba mate, a South American leaf drink, is shared from a single gourd and sipped through a metal straw

the gist

Yerba mate is a plant in the holly genus native to South America, and its leaves are steeped in hot water to make a caffeinated drink called mate. Brewed cold, it becomes tereré. The Guaraní and some Tupi communities in what is now Paraguay grew and drank it long before European colonisation. After the Jesuits saw its commercial potential, it spread across the Spanish colonies. Today it is traditionally drunk in Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil, Bolivia's Gran Chaco and southern Chile, and it has spread to Syria and Lebanon through 19th-century migration. It is also used in energy drinks and bottled drinks around the world.

so what

Yerba mate shows how an Indigenous drink became a regional social ritual and then a global commercial product. Its history links colonial trade, religious missions and migration, and it still shapes everyday social life in several countries.

fun fact

The plant was named by the French botanist Augustin Saint-Hilaire.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · text CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons

source: Wikipedia ↗

historyWikipediaclassic1336–1565 · Karnataka, India

Hampi was once one of the world's largest cities, until its Vijayanagara capital was destroyed in 1565

the gist

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India, with more than 1,600 surviving remains spread over 4,100 hectares. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565. Travellers from Persia and Portugal described it as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city with temples, markets and farms along the Tungabhadra River. By 1500 it was estimated to be the world's second-largest city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at the time. In 1565 a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, its capital was conquered and destroyed, and the city was left in ruins. Hampi remains a religious centre, with the active Virupaksha Temple at its heart.

how it works

The city was built around a fortified core with temples, markets and water structures along the river, supplied by an extensive network of roads and waterworks. When the empire fell, the city was not rebuilt, so its stone monuments were left standing.

so what

Hampi shows how quickly a great city can vanish after a military defeat, and how a ruined capital can remain sacred. Its ruins give historians a view of medieval South Asia that few other sites can match.

fun fact

The name Hampi comes from Pampa, an old name for the Tungabhadra River.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · text CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons

source: Wikipedia ↗

2 min

politicsshortCNA2:01

False allegations about Singapore’s hand in Indonesia’s markets and a made-up meeting

from CNA

CNA Verify has found close to 400 posts pushing falsehoods tying Singapore to Indonesia’s stock market rout and to a secret meeting that never took place. Together, they drew nearly 12 million views, and some were circulated by accounts that appeared to be working in concert, across multiple social media platforms.

Here’s how the disinformation campaign targeting Singapore was uncovered.

on YouTube: CNA ↗