
science & techESA/Hubble1995
A 1995 supernova in NGC 2441 may be one of the rare few seen through a light echo
Hubble has imaged the bright spiral galaxy NGC 2441 in the constellation Camelopardalis, which holds a type Ia supernova called SN1995E, discovered in 1995. Type Ia supernovae form when a white dwarf in a binary system pulls matter from its companion until it becomes unstable and explodes. Because they all reach the same mass, they have roughly the same brightness, so astronomers use them as standard candles to measure cosmic distances. Observations suggest SN1995E may show a light echo, where light from the blast is scattered by surrounding dust and appears to echo outwards. In 2006 Hubble saw it fading in a way consistent with a spherical shell of dust. Only two other type Ia supernovae, SN1991T and SN1998bu, have been found to show light echoes. Echoes like this can reveal the environment around an explosion and the nature of the star that caused it.
Light echoes let astronomers study the dust and material surrounding a supernova, and even the kind of star that exploded, without waiting for new explosions. Since type Ia supernovae underpin distance measurements across the universe, understanding their surroundings matters for cosmology too.
Type Ia supernovae are used as standard candles because they all reach roughly the same peak brightness.
