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science & techanalysisThe Conversation: Arts + Culture (US)

Europa Clipper mission to ice-covered moon of Jupiter carries a message between water worlds

the gist

NASA's Europa Clipper launched on October 14, 2024, toward Jupiter's icy moon Europa, and it carries an etched message for any future finder. The plate features the word for water spoken in 103 languages, recorded from people with personal connections to water, and shown as sound waveforms. The plate also engraves the hydrogen and hydroxyl lines, two radio frequencies that combine chemically to make water. Scientists call the range of frequencies between these lines the water hole, where the first radio searches for alien signals were focused. Hydrogen was chosen because it is the most abundant element in the universe. The Drake Equation is also included to estimate how many communicating civilizations might exist in the galaxy.

how it works

Hydrogen emits radio waves at a frequency of about 1420 megahertz, which is the hydrogen line. Hydroxyl emits at nearby frequencies, and together the two form water. Because any intelligent civilization would also study hydrogen, the frequency is a universal signal that could be understood without a shared language.

so what

Europa's ocean beneath its ice makes it a leading candidate for life in the solar system, so the mission carries both a scientific goal and a message. The plaque follows a tradition begun by Carl Sagan, showing how spacecraft can carry human ideas across vast distances and time.

the bigger pattern

Messages sent into space go back to the Pioneer plaques of 1972 and 1973 and the Voyager records of 1977. Each began with Carl Sagan and the idea that a shared language of science can connect distant minds.

fun fact

The Voyager Golden Record carried greetings in 55 languages, and it was launched in 1977.