science & techESA/Hubble

A near-perfect spiral galaxy has hosted five supernovae in fifty years, and one progenitor star has been identified

the gist

Hubble has imaged NGC 1084, an almost face-on spiral galaxy with no central bar, which makes it a near-perfect example of its type. Massive stars, many times the Sun's mass, end their lives by collapsing and blowing off their outer layers in supernova explosions. Astronomers have recorded five supernovae in NGC 1084 over the past half century, named after their years of discovery. The most recent, 2012ec, was found in August 2012. Using older Hubble images taken in 2001, researchers at Queen's University Belfast identified the star that exploded as a red supergiant, roughly 10 to 20 times the Sun's mass and similar to Betelgeuse.

so what

Finding the star in older images before it exploded is a rare direct link between a stellar death and its origin, helping astronomers understand which stars become supernovae.

fun fact

Betelgeuse, the red supergiant in Orion, is one of the most famous stars visible to the naked eye.

ESA/Hubble · CC BY 4.0

Image: NASA, ESA, and S. Smartt (Queen's University Belfast) Acknowledgement: Brian Campbell