
science & techESA/Hubble
Ram pressure drags gas out of a galaxy into long star-forming tentacles
Jellyfish galaxies get their name from long trails of new stars streaming behind them, like tentacles. As a galaxy falls into a galaxy cluster, it plows through the thin, superheated gas that fills the space between galaxies, a process called ram pressure. That pressure strips gas out of the galaxy's disc and drags it backwards into long tendrils, where stars then form. JO206, more than 700 million light-years away in Aquarius, shows this clearly, with a bright star-forming disc trailing luminous streams. Surprisingly, stars in the tendrils form in much the same way as stars in the disc, suggesting the new environment matters less than expected.
A galaxy moving through a cluster meets the intracluster medium, a hot, thin plasma filling the gaps between galaxies. The collision pushes gas out of the galaxy's disc, much as wind pushes smoke sideways. Once the gas is pulled into streams and compressed, it collapses into new stars, which light up along the tail. Because the tentacles sit far from the galaxy's core, they give astronomers a clean test of how star formation works in extreme conditions.
Jellyfish galaxies show that a galaxy's surroundings can strip away the gas it needs to make stars, shaping how galaxies in dense clusters evolve. Hubble's comparison suggests star formation in the tendrils is similar to that in the disc, which challenges the idea that the surroundings dramatically change how stars are born.
ESA/Hubble · CC BY 4.0
Image: ESA/Hubble & NASA, M. Gullieuszik and the GASP team
