science & techESA/Hubble

Hubble's ultraviolet images show Saturn's auroras collapsing and reforming when solar particle bursts hit

the gist

Astronomers using Hubble's ultraviolet camera have captured new images of the auroral lights at Saturn's north pole. The images show that when bursts of charged particles from the Sun reach Saturn, its long magnetotail, a comet-like trail of magnetic field, collapses and later reconfigures itself. That change is reflected in the shifting patterns of the aurora. Some light bursts moved more than three times faster than the planet's rotation. The team combined Hubble data with observations from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which was in orbit around Saturn, to get a 360-degree view of the auroras at both poles. Cassini's imaging also showed that Saturn's auroral veils are red at the bottom and violet at the top.

so what

Auroras are a window into how a planet's magnetic field responds to the solar wind, the same process that drives space weather at Earth. Saturn's changing auroras are still an open puzzle in planetary science.

fun fact

Saturn has a magnetotail, like Earth, Jupiter and Mercury, which stretches far beyond the planet on the side away from the Sun.

ESA/Hubble · CC BY 4.0

Image: NASA , ESA Acknowledgement: J. Nichols (University of Leicester)