historyanalysisThe Conversation1976–1983 · Buenos Aires, Argentina

How government killings and kidnappings in Argentina drove mothers to resist and revolt − and eventually win

the gist

In April 1977, fourteen women began gathering in Buenos Aires' Plaza de Mayo to search for children who had been seized by Argentina's military government. Between 1976 and 1983, about 30,000 people were forcibly disappeared, meaning secretly kidnapped and never seen again, most of them young union, political and student activists. The junta labelled the women unstable and subversive, but international support and growing evidence turned public opinion. After democracy returned in 1983, the Mothers helped set up a national genetic data bank that has identified more than 120 grandchildren born in captivity, and their testimony helped convict dozens of officers of crimes against humanity.

how it works

The junta used a state of siege to ban public assemblies, so the women walked in circles around the square, which technically avoided a gathering. Their identification work relied on a genetic data bank that matched the blood of relatives with children suspected of having been adopted illegally.

so what

The Mothers show how persistent civilian witnesses can force a state to account for its crimes, and their genetic identification work is still used to reunite families. Their story is a central reference point in debates about memory and justice in Argentina.

Illustrative photo · National University of La Plata, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons