11:34supplementary video · PBS Terra on YouTube ↗
nature & planetanalysisEos
Antarctica Is Releasing Mercury Faster Than Ever Because of Climate Change
Antarctica, one of the most remote places on Earth, is now releasing mercury rather than just storing it. Mercury drifts through the air from coal plants and mines and settles on ice and ocean. A study of 16 seafloor sediment cores off the Antarctic Peninsula found mercury accumulation rising about 160 percent since industrialization, with faster increases from the 1950s. Melting glaciers are also freeing mercury trapped in the ice, which raised releases into the ocean by about 550 percent. Once in sediment, mercury can turn into methylmercury, a more toxic form that climbs the food web through krill and fish.
Mercury reaches Antarctica by traveling through the atmosphere and falling with snow and rain, and the cold keeps much of it frozen in ice. As glaciers melt, the stored mercury is washed into seawater. Microbes in sediment can convert it into methylmercury, which plankton absorb and pass up the food chain, concentrating it as it moves to larger animals.
It shows that climate change can turn a remote region from a long-term pollution sink into an active source. Because the mercury is locked in ice, cutting emissions will not bring environmental levels down quickly. Krill and fish that enter commercial fisheries mean the effects can reach people too.
Similar releases are seen in the Arctic, where thawing permafrost is freeing trapped mercury, and in the northeastern United States, where stronger storms erode soils and carry metals into waterways. Researchers say the pattern is consistent across regions, suggesting that a warming world is reshuffling mercury that was deposited decades ago.
Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at ordinary room temperature.
Eos (AGU) · CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
