historyAfrica at LSEc. 1450 BC · Heliopolis, Egypt

A London walk traces Black history through an Egyptian obelisk, a sailor and abolitionists

the gist

Cleopatra's Needle on the Thames was carved in Heliopolis around 1450 BC under Thutmose III, and Ramesses II later added inscriptions. It became linked to Cleopatra because it stood in a temple she built in Alexandria. Britain received it as a gift from Muhammad Ali, ruler of Egypt, in 1819, to commemorate victories over France, and it was winched into place in 1878. Nearby, the figure on Nelson's Column frieze is believed by many to be George Ryan, a sailor recorded as African who served on HMS Victory at Trafalgar. The walk also covers Ottobah Cugoano, who was enslaved in Grenada and later published an abolitionist book in 1787, and Ignatius Sancho, who voted in a British general election.

so what

London's monuments hold far more global history than their plaques suggest. Figures like Cugoano and Sancho were central to the campaign that led to abolition in the British Empire in 1833.

fun fact

The obelisk's transport ship, also called the Cleopatra, was built in a cigar shape to be towed to Britain.

Africa at LSE · CC BY 4.0

Illustrative photo · Ethan Doyle White, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons