historyWikipedia1772–1833 · Calcutta, India
Raja Ram Mohan Roy campaigned against sati and helped found the Brahmo Samaj reform movement
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who lived from 1772 to 1833, was a social reformer and writer from Bengal and is often called the Father of the Indian Renaissance. He campaigned to abolish sati, the burning of widows, and to end child marriage. In 1828 he co-founded the Brahmo Sabha, the forerunner of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious movement that argued for reform within Hinduism. He also wrote Gaudiya Vyakaran, the first complete grammar book of the Bangla language, and his writing covered politics, education and religion.
Roy argued from Hindu scriptural sources that the practices he opposed were not required by the texts, and he built an organised movement around regular worship and education. Public campaigns and petitions helped build support for legal change.
Roy's reforms shaped debates on social reform and education in colonial Bengal and beyond, and his campaign against sati fed into the legal ban passed by the British in 1829. His work is still cited in discussions of how Indian society changed in the 19th century.
Mughal emperor Akbar II gave Roy the title Raja, and in 1831 Roy travelled to England as an envoy on the emperor's behalf.
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