nature & planetopinionMongabay: Africa
To boost conservation of kelp forests, start by naming them (commentary)
Kelp forests fringe about a third of the world's coastlines in temperate and polar waters and are among the most biodiverse nearshore ecosystems, probably as biologically important as rainforests. The Great African Seaforest runs more than 1,300 kilometres from South Africa to Namibia and shelters animals such as the tuberculate cuttlefish, which escapes predators by releasing an ink cloud shaped like its own body while it jets off the other way. Yet less than 2% of kelp forests are meaningfully protected, and warming seas could wipe out up to 25 million hectares of them by 2050. Conservationists argue that giving each forest a name and an identity, as coral reefs and mangroves have, would draw the attention and funding they now lack.
Kelp grows from a holdfast anchored to rock and rises through the water column to the sunlit surface, forming a canopy that works like a forest, with shelter and food at every level. Marine heatwaves stress kelp because it thrives in cold, nutrient-rich water, and warmer water also helps grazers such as sea urchins thrive and strip it bare.
Coral reefs and mangroves attract far more public concern and money, even though kelp forests shelter thousands of species and shield coasts. Ocean heat records, like the one the global sea surface hit this August, put these cold-water ecosystems at direct risk.
Kelp is not a plant but a large brown alga; some species can grow up to half a metre a day.
Mongabay
Illustrative photo · Robert Schwemmer/NOAA, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
