historyWikipedia1918 · Vienna, Austria
Austria became a republic as the Habsburg empire collapsed
On 12 November 1918 Austria was proclaimed a republic, a day after the last Habsburg emperor, Charles I, stepped back from state affairs. Austria-Hungary was breaking apart under the strain of the First World War, with food shortages and starvation in its Austrian half during the winter of 1917–1918 and demands from the military alliance with Germany. After the proclamation, a coup attempt by the communist Red Guard was defeated by the social-democratic Volkswehr, a people's militia.
The end of the monarchy turned one of Europe's largest empires into several states, including Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Austria was left a small republic, and its future, including a union with Germany, was debated through the interwar years.
Multi-ethnic empires also broke up after the First World War in Russia and the Ottoman Empire, leaving many successor states with new borders to settle.
The new state's early name was 'German-Austria' until the Allies' peace treaty forced a change.
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image: Wikimedia Commons
