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The Western Ghats are a 1,600 km mountain range that controls the monsoon for much of India
The Western Ghats, also called the Sahyadri, run about 1,600 km along India's west coast, from the Tapti River down to the southern tip of the peninsula. They formed when India broke away from Africa during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, and rise to over 2,000 metres in several places, with Anamudi the highest at 2,695 metres. The range blocks the moist monsoon winds coming off the Arabian Sea, so it rains heavily on the western slopes. The air that crosses the crest is dry, which creates a rain shadow over the Deccan Plateau. Its forests are a biodiversity hotspot, with many species found nowhere else.
Moist air from the Arabian Sea is pushed upward when it meets the mountains. As it rises it cools and drops its rain on the windward side. Having lost its moisture, the air descends on the far side as dry wind, creating the rain shadow.
Rivers draining almost 40% of India's land area start in the Western Ghats, so the range shapes water supply for much of the country. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012 and is home to at least 325 globally threatened species.
The Western Ghats are older than the Himalayas, which were formed much later when India collided with Asia.
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image: Wikimedia Commons
