mind & bodyWikipediaThousands of years ago to 1760s · Sumer; Greece; England

Aspirin came from willow bark, and Bayer lost the trademark on its own name

the gist

Willow bark was used against fever and pain for thousands of years, appearing on clay tablets from ancient Sumer and in Hippocrates's writing. In the 1760s, the English clergyman Edward Stone tested powdered willow bark for five years and reported it to the Royal Society as effective as Peruvian bark. In 1853, Charles Frédéric Gerhardt first made acetylsalicylic acid, and in 1897 Bayer chemists produced it in a pure, stable form. The name came from spiraea, the meadowsweet plant that yields salicylic acid. Aspirin was Bayer's brand name, but the company lost its trademark in the United States after letting other makers use the name.

how it works

Willow bark contains salicylates, which the body converts to salicylic acid, the active compound that reduces fever and pain. Aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid, a modified form that is less harsh on the stomach. It works by blocking enzymes called cyclooxygenases, which lowers the production of chemicals that cause inflammation and make platelets clump together.

so what

Aspirin is one of the oldest modern drugs and its story shows how a folk remedy was turned into a precise chemical. Its later use to prevent heart attacks and strokes shows how a drug can gain entirely new purposes long after it was discovered.

fun fact

Aspirin is a generic trademark in many countries, but Bayer still holds the registered trademark for the name in Germany and over 80 other countries.

more on this

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons