nature & planetanalysisThe Conversation
Alaska’s glacial lakes are expanding, increasing the risk of destructive outburst floods
Glacial lakes form where glaciers retreat and leave water-filled basins, often held back by moraines or ice dams. A study of 140 of Alaska's largest glacial lakes from 2018 to 2024 found they are expanding about 120% faster on average than from 1986 to 1999. Lakes at glacier toes grow fastest, often in deep depressions carved by glacial flow. Mapping those depressions suggests existing lakes in the region could grow about fourfold, by up to 4,250 square kilometers. Lakes that end in water also speed up the melting of glaciers, which shrink 23% to 56% faster than land-terminating ones. When an ice or moraine dam fails, the outburst flood can wipe out roads, hydropower stations and villages. Between 1985 and 2020 Alaska's ice-dammed lakes drained more than 1,150 times.
Glaciers carve deep basins as they flow. When the ice retreats, meltwater fills those basins. A lake at a glacier's front warms the ice from the water side, speeding melting and making the lake bigger, while the natural dam can become unstable and burst.
As lakes grow, the floods they release grow more dangerous to downstream towns and infrastructure. Mapping likely lake sites lets communities prepare for hazards that glacier retreat is creating.
background
A glacial lake is a body of water with origins from glacier activity. They are formed when a glacier erodes the land and then melts, filling the depression created by the glacier.
From Wikipedia: Glacial lake (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0