world cultures & travelanalysisWellcome Collection1930s · Mysore, India
Yoga adapts to time and place
Modern postural yoga, the form practised in gyms and studios worldwide, was largely shaped by one teacher in 1930s Mysore. Krishnamacharya, a Brahmin from Karnataka, was given a mandate by the Maharaja of Mysore to make yoga popular, and he had to compete with the fashionable bodybuilding culture of the time. He turned yoga into flowing sequences of postures linked by breath, with a showier, more energetic style. His students then spread it widely: Iyengar developed a precise, slow-held approach, while Pattabhi Jois created ashtanga, a counted-breath sequence for groups. Krishnamacharya saw the changes as continuity, attributing them to ancient texts and his guru rather than to his own innovation.
Krishnamacharya built sequences of asanas joined by repeated linking movements based on surya namaskar, the sun salutation. Coordinating postures with counted breaths kept large groups moving together, which suited demonstrations. Holding poses for longer, as Iyengar did, emphasised precise alignment instead.
Most of the yoga practised in Western studios descends from these 1930s Mysore methods rather than from ancient postural traditions.
Traditions that look ancient often took their modern form in the 19th and 20th centuries. Physical education systems in colonial India, such as Bukh's gymnastics, shaped yoga's movement drills, much as modern sport shaped many older practices.
background
Tirumalai Krishnamacharya (18 November 1888 – 28 February 1989) was an Indian yoga teacher, ayurvedic healer and scholar. He is seen as one of the most important gurus of modern yoga, and is often called "Father of Modern Yoga" for his wide influence on the development of postural yoga. Like earlier pioneers influenced by physical culture such as Yogendra and Kuvalayananda, he contributed to the revival of hatha yoga.
From Wikipedia: Tirumalai Krishnamacharya (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0key facts
- Born
- 18 November 1888
- Died
- 28 February 1989
- Known as
- teacher, philosopher
Facts: Wikidata (CC0)
Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0
