nature & planetMongabay: Latin America

Genetic study describes two new species of Amazonian howler monkeys

the gist

A genetic survey of howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) has found two Amazonian species that science hadn't formally recognised: the Pantepui red howler (Alouatta iroi) in the north-west Amazon and the Mato Grosso red howler (Alouatta matogrossensis) in southern Brazil. The researchers analysed more than 2 terabytes of genomic data, plus physical features and museum specimens. Monkeys on opposite banks of the Branco River formed separate genetic lineages, and A. iroi also has yellower fur. A population in the Caribbean may also be a distinct species, and some other populations may need reclassifying.

so what

Rivers act as barriers that split populations, so the Amazon hides far more species than were counted, and unrecognised species can't be protected. Old museum specimens made the discovery possible with modern tools.

fun fact

Howler monkeys are named for their calls, among the loudest of any land animal, carried by an enlarged throat bone.

Mongabay

Illustrative photo · Didier Descouens, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons