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Some dogs can pick up hundreds of words – do they learn like children?

the gist

Some border collies and other dogs can learn the names of hundreds of objects, with Rico's 2004 study showing 200 toy names. Tests in a room where he could not see his owner ruled out visual cues, and when shown a new toy among familiar ones he picked it out for a new name, even weeks later. A recent study compared these 'label-learner' dogs with matched dogs and found they were consistently more curious about new objects, more selectively interested in particular items, and better at controlling impulses. Children learn differently: by around age two they pick up roughly ten words a day by reading what adults intend, even about things not in the room. Dogs seem to form object-name links, not the shared-intention understanding behind human language.

how it works

Label-learner dogs were tested with controls matched by age, sex and breed on eight tasks measuring curiosity, problem solving, memory, learning and response to human pointing and gaze. Their distinguishing traits were strong novelty interest, selective attention to particular items and better impulse control, which may help them map many objects to names.

so what

The findings suggest a possible puppy test for word-learning potential, which could help select dogs for assistance and police work. They also clarify how far animal intelligence goes: dogs learn names for things, but the evidence does not show they grasp language in the human sense.

the bigger pattern

Human toddlers use fast mapping, choosing the unfamiliar object for an unfamiliar word, and the same strategy appeared in Rico. Researchers still debate whether such traits appear in puppies or are shaped by training.

more on this

background

The Border Collie is a breed of British herding dog of the collie type of medium size. It originates in the region of the Anglo-Scottish border, and descends from the traditional sheepdogs once found all over the British Isles. It is kept predominantly as a sheep-herding dog or as a companion animal. It competes with success in sheepdog trials. Some have claimed that it is the most intelligent breed of dog.

From Wikipedia: Border Collie (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0

The Conversation

Illustrative photo · Unknown author, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons