world cultures & travelanalysisThe Conversation: Arts + Culture (US)
War, politics and religion shape wildlife evolution in cities
Cities drive evolution in wildlife, and human religion, politics and war are among the causes. In Oviedo, Spain, walls built around religious buildings between the 12th and 16th centuries split fire salamander populations, which then drifted genetically apart because they could not cross. Prayer animal release in Buddhism often moves captured animals into new places, adding non-native species. In China, the 1958 campaign to kill sparrows as pests led to crop-eating insect outbreaks and famine. Wars reshape animal paths too, such as the demilitarised zone between the Koreas, which has become a nature refuge.
Human cultural choices, from walls to highways, change which animals can meet and breed, so city design is also a form of evolutionary planning. The Korean DMZ and the European Green Belt show that barriers can also protect wildlife.
The Korean demilitarised zone, established in 1953, has become a de facto nature sanctuary supporting thousands of species.
background
Urban evolution refers to the heritable genetic changes of populations in response to urban development and anthropogenic activities in urban areas. Urban evolution can be caused by non-random mating, mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, or evolution by natural selection. In the context of Earth's living history, rapid urbanization is a relatively recent phenomenon, yet biologists have already observed evolutionary change in numerous species compared to their rural counterparts on a relatively short timescale.
From Wikipedia: Urban evolution (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0The Conversation
