newsWikipedia2001 · Queens, New York, USA

A rudder pushed too hard ripped the tail off a jet over Queens

the gist

On 12 November 2001 American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300 bound for Santo Domingo, crashed into the Belle Harbor neighbourhood of Queens shortly after leaving JFK, killing all 260 people aboard and five on the ground. Coming two months after 9/11, it first raised fears of another attack, but the NTSB found an accident. After the jet hit wake turbulence from a Boeing 747 that took off ahead of it, the first officer made aggressive rudder movements. These put such force on the vertical stabilizer that it tore off, and the two engines also separated before impact.

how it works

A rudder steers the aircraft left and right, and at high speed a full pedal movement creates large sideways forces on the tail fin. Moving the rudder back and forth in quick succession can multiply the load until the fin exceeds its design limit.

so what

The investigation pointed to a training scenario that exaggerated how dangerous wake turbulence is and left pilots unaware of the structural limits of rudder use at speed. It prompted changes in pilot training about rudders and upset recovery. It is the second-deadliest aviation accident in US history.

fun fact

Only one US air accident has killed more people: American Airlines Flight 191 in 1979.

more on this

key facts

Country
United States
Located in
New York
Date
12 November 2001

Facts: Wikidata (CC0)

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Photo: NOAA, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons