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supplementary video · FRANCE 24 English on YouTube ↗

politicsanalysisThe Conversation

El Salvador is exporting the ‘Bukele model’ to Haiti – but the gang offensive is a gamble for both nations

the gist

El Salvador's President Nayib Bukele has sent roughly 2,500 troops, with armored vehicles and attack helicopters, to Haiti, in what began as a mission to find four Salvadoran aviation technicians who vanished in a gang ambush on 18 October. On 10 November Bukele posted footage of helicopters firing on the compound of Wilson Joseph, leader of the 400 Mawozo gang; as many as 20 people were reported killed, though Joseph was reportedly absent. El Salvador already had personnel in the UN-backed Gang Suppression Force, which is authorised for up to 5,550 people but has about 2,000 on the ground. Most Salvadoran troops now operate outside its command.

how it works

The UN Security Council authorised the Gang Suppression Force in 2025 to help Haitian authorities retake streets from gangs, but it has been under-staffed. Bukele used the missing technicians as grounds for a much larger deployment outside that command, working alongside Haitian police.

so what

It is the first overseas test of the 'Bukele model', the mass-arrest security approach credited by supporters with sharply cutting crime in El Salvador and criticised by rights groups over detentions and due process. Haiti's battlefield is crowded: police, the army, the UN-authorised force, a private contractor and vigilante groups all operate there, which makes it hard to say who is accountable for civilian casualties and whether military gains can last.

has this happened before?

Foreign forces have tried to stabilise Haiti before, including a long UN stabilisation mission starting in 2004 and a Kenyan-led force authorised in 2023, and each struggled to turn operations into lasting security. Supporters and critics of the new approach each cite those earlier limits.

fun fact

Haiti was the first nation to be founded by a successful slave revolt, declaring independence in 1804.

more on this

background

Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country in the Caribbean on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas. It occupies the western side of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and with an estimated population of 11.4 million, it is the most populous Caribbean country. The capital and largest city is Port-au-Prince.

From Wikipedia: Haiti (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0

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UFO Haiti, the Epic

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key facts

Country
Haiti
Capital
Port-au-Prince
Population
11.0 million
Area
27,750 km²
Founded
1 January 1804

Facts: Wikidata (CC0)