mind & bodyWellcome Collection5th century BC · Ancient Greece

Memory palaces, acrostics and pegs: how people have trained memory for 2,000 years

the gist

Memory techniques are far older than modern study tips. The loci method, or memory palace, dates back to the ancient Greeks and works by attaching items to familiar places you can mentally walk through. The story goes that the poet Simonides identified the victims of a collapsed banquet hall by recalling where each guest had been seated. Medieval and early modern writers built on the idea with imagined rooms, symbolic images and visual alphabets, and the peg system attached items to a fixed sequence of triggers. Acrostics, such as the rhyme for the order of the planets or the phrase Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain for the rainbow colours, remain a common classroom tool.

so what

Ancient rhetoricians treated memory as a skill to be trained, which is why these methods have lasted so long. They work because spatial places and vivid images are easier to recall than abstract lists.

fun fact

Cicero's Rhetorica ad Herennium, from around 90 BCE, is the earliest surviving treatise on mnemonics.

more on this

background

The method of loci is a mnemonic technique that uses visual imagination and spatial memory to organize and recall information. It involves mentally associating pieces of information with specific locations in a familiar environment, such as rooms in a house or landmarks along a well-known route. The user visualizes these locations in sequence and imagines placing the items to be remembered at each point. Recall is achieved by mentally retracing the path and using the imagined scenes to retrieve the associated information.

This method is also referred as the memory palace, memory journey, journey method or mind palace technique.

From Wikipedia: Method of loci (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0

Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0

Illustrative photo · Cesare Maccari, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons