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supplementary video · Knowledgia on YouTube ↗

historyWikivoyagec. 130 BC–1450s · China, Central Asia and Europe

The Silk Road was never one road but a web of trade routes linking China to the Mediterranean

the gist

The Silk Road was a network of overland and sea trade routes that connected China with Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe for well over a thousand years. Silk was the famous export, but merchants also moved spices, horses, paper, glass, and ideas such as Buddhism and mathematics in both directions. The routes split and shifted over centuries as empires rose and fell. In 2014 UNESCO listed a 5,000 km stretch running from Chang'an, now Xi'an, to the Tianshan mountains as a World Heritage routes network.

how it works

Goods changed hands in relays: a caravan carried silk west to an oasis market, where local traders sold it on to the next group, so few merchants travelled the whole distance. Each leg added prices, taxes and new goods, which is why silk in Rome could cost far more than in China.

so what

The Silk Road explains how Eurasia was connected long before modern globalisation, with goods, technologies and religions spreading along chains of merchants. The name itself is a later label, coined in the 19th century, for a system that never had a single authority or road.

fun fact

The name 'Silk Road' was coined by the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1877.

more on this

background

The Silk Road was a network of Asian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. Spanning over 6,400 km (4,000 mi) on land, it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds. The name "Silk Road" was coined in the late 19th century, but some 20th- and 21st-century historians instead prefer the term Silk Routes, on the grounds that it more accurately describes the intricate web of land and sea routes connecting Central, East, South, Southeast, and West Asia as well as East Africa and Southern Europe.

From Wikipedia: Silk Road (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0

longer watch · 24:23

24:23

Zhang Qian's Discovery of Early Silk Road (Virtual Tour) - Han Xiongnu War 5

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Adapted from Wikivoyage, the free travel guide · CC BY-SA 4.0