world cultures & travelWikipediaMedieval origins

Carnival began as a last feast to use up the food Lent would forbid

the gist

Carnival is the festive season just before Lent, the Christian fast of roughly 40 days before Easter. It runs through Shrove Sunday, Shrove Monday and Shrove Tuesday, also called Mardi Gras ('Fat Tuesday'). Traditionally, butter, milk, eggs and meat were eaten up in these days so nothing went to waste before the fast, which is why pancakes, doughnuts and buns are tied to the season. Parades, street parties, masks and elaborate costumes let people set aside their everyday identity and feel part of a crowd. On Shrove Tuesday many Christians also reflect on what to repent and what to give up for Lent, and churches burn last year's blessed palm branches to make the ashes used on Ash Wednesday.

how it works

The date follows Easter, which is set by the moon and the spring equinox. Counting back, Ash Wednesday starts Lent, and the days before it are Carnival, so the dates shift each year.

so what

Carnival shows how a religious calendar shaped food, work and play across Europe and, later, the Americas. The same season goes by different names: Carnival in Catholic regions, Fastelavn in Lutheran Scandinavia, Shrovetide in Anglican and Methodist areas, and Maslenitsa in Slavic Orthodox countries.

the bigger pattern

Many cultures have a pre-fast or end-of-season feast, from Mardi Gras in New Orleans to Brazil's Carnival, where local music and traditions blended with the European custom.

fun fact

In Germany and the Netherlands the Carnival season traditionally opens on 11 November at 11:11 a.m.

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Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons