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Investors tend to sell winners too early and hold losers too long, a pattern called the disposition effect

the gist

The disposition effect is the tendency of investors to sell assets that have gained value too early, while holding on to assets that have lost value for too long. It is one of the first and most studied patterns documented in behavioural finance. People are reluctant to make a loss real, so they keep losing positions hoping they recover, and they lock in small gains out of a desire to feel successful.

how it works

Investors tend to judge outcomes against the price they paid rather than against the future. Selling a winner feels like securing a good result, while selling a loser feels like admitting a mistake, so people avoid the second and cling to losing positions.

so what

The effect means that ordinary investors often do the opposite of what sound investing would suggest, since it can lead to holding weak assets and missing further gains. Understanding it helps explain why markets can drift from rational prices.

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Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0