nature & planetEosc. 90 million years ago · West Antarctica
Wildfires Burned in Antarctica 90 Million Years Ago
A 30-meter sediment core drilled off West Antarctica contains charcoal fragments showing that wildfires burned there about 90 million years ago, during the Cretaceous. Earlier work showed that the same region was a humid rainforest, and this is the southernmost evidence of fire yet found on Earth. Scientists confirmed the fires with microscopy, chemical markers and amber that formed on injured tree bark. Light reflecting from the burnt particles suggested the fires were low-temperature surface fires. Over time the landscape shifted from conifer forest to a peat bog dominated by sphagnum moss, and fires became more frequent during that change. Modern peat bogs in the Arctic show the same link between fire and open, boggy ground.
Peat forms where waterlogged, acidic conditions slow the decay of plants, and fire can keep the ground open for mosses to spread. The team used pollen, spores and burnt plant residues to reconstruct the change from forest to bog.
The findings show that fire can be a natural part of peatlands rather than only a sign of ecosystem collapse, and they give a long view on how Earth's landscapes changed under warmer, high-carbon conditions.
Antarctica was a forested, humid landscape during the Cretaceous, long before its ice sheet formed.
background
A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials – often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; alkaline mires are called fens. A bayhead is another type of bog found in the forest of the Gulf Coast states in the United States. They are often covered in heath or heather shrubs rooted in the sphagnum moss and peat. The gradual accumulation of decayed plant material in a bog functions as a carbon sink.
From Wikipedia: Bog (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0Eos (AGU) · CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Illustrative photo · Heraldry, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
