arts, ideas & societyanalysisThe Conversation: Arts + Culture (US)late 19th–early 20th century · East London, England

Cockney Yiddish: how two languages influenced each other in London’s East End

the gist

Yiddish words such as chutzpah, schlep and nosh entered English through eastern European Jewish immigrants who settled in London's East End in the late 19th century. Linguists think a Yiddish speech rhythm may have influenced cockney as it developed in the early 20th century, and a distinctive r sound may have spread from Jewish immigrants into the wider population. The reverse also happened, as Yiddish music hall songs and newspapers absorbed cockney humour and slang. Many Jewish institutions discouraged Yiddish, and its use declined from the 1930s as families moved away from the East End. Today Yiddish is being revived through classes, theatre and music, and Stamford Hill's Hasidic community still speaks it daily.

so what

It also explains why common English words carry a history of migration.

fun fact

Israel Zangwill, a novelist who worked as a teacher, was disciplined in 1883 for writing a story with cockney-Yiddish dialogue.

more on this

background

Yiddish, historically referred to as Judeo-German or Jewish German, is a West Germanic language and Jewish ethnolect historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German, fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic Hebrew) and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages. Yiddish has traditionally been written using the Hebrew alphabet.

From Wikipedia: Yiddish (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0

The Conversation

Illustrative photo · Bain News Service, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons