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Why Donald Trump keeps threatening Iran’s Pickaxe Mountain – and why it is so hard to destroy
Pickaxe Mountain, called Kuh-e Kolang Gaz La in Persian, is a roughly 1,600-metre granite peak south of Iran's Natanz nuclear complex. After a 2020 explosion damaged a centrifuge assembly workshop at Natanz, Iran's atomic energy chief said its replacement would be built in the heart of this mountain. The US administration fears the underground complex could house centrifuges able to enrich uranium to weapons grade. Satellite images show continuing construction and reinforced entrances, and a US think tank reported more activity in 2026, but nobody outside Iran has confirmed what is inside, and inspectors have never been allowed in. The complex is estimated to lie 80-100 metres down.
Deep rock absorbs and spreads a bomb's energy. A penetrating bomb has to tunnel through the rock before it explodes, and granite is much harder than the soil or concrete it is usually tested against. The deeper the hall and the more entrances it has, the less likely a single strike is to wreck it.
The mountain sits at the centre of a dilemma: President Trump has said the US could destroy it quickly, yet the heavy bunker-buster bomb used on Fordow and Natanz in June 2025 was designed for earth and concrete, and how it would fare against dense granite is uncertain. With the Iran war already a factor in the recent US election, the gap between the promise and what a strike can achieve matters.
Underground nuclear sites have been a recurring problem for militaries. Iran's Fordow, built into a mountain near Qom, was designed for the same reason, and the push for ever-heavier bunker busters has been matched by ever-deeper tunnelling.
The Natanz enrichment plant is itself mostly underground, buried under several metres of concrete and earth.
background
Pickaxe Mountain (Persian: کوه کلنگگزلا, romanized: Kūh-e Kolang Gaz Lā) is a mountain in the Karkas Mountains in Isfahan province, Iran, about 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) south of the Natanz nuclear complex. Iran has been excavating a deep underground facility into the mountain that is widely believed to be connected to the country's nuclear program. The site drew international attention in 2026 when U.S. president Donald Trump repeatedly threatened to attack the underground facility located there during the 2026 Iran war.
From Wikipedia: Pickaxe Mountain (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0see
key facts
- Country
- Iran
- Located in
- Barzrud Rural District
- Elevation
- 1,608 m
Facts: Wikidata (CC0)
The Conversation
