money & economicsWikipedia1889 · Clermont-Ferrand, France

Michelin's tyre business began with a bicycle repair that took three hours and failed in a few hundred metres

the gist

In 1889 two brothers, Édouard and André Michelin, took over a struggling farm-machinery business in Clermont-Ferrand, France. A cyclist brought in a pneumatic tyre that was glued to its rim and took hours to repair, and when Édouard tested the fixed tyre it failed after a few hundred metres. He was still convinced by the idea, and the brothers designed a tyre that could be removed from the rim. In 1891 they patented it, and it won the first Paris to Brest to Paris long-distance race. The biggest leap came in 1946 with the radial tyre, whose flexible sidewall design gave better handling and fuel economy. By 1968 Consumer Reports had praised radial construction, and by the 1970s radials had taken over the American market.

how it works

A pneumatic tyre is an inflated rubber ring that cushions bumps. Gluing it to the rim made repairs slow and awkward, so the Michelins built a removable version. A radial tyre has cords running across the tread at right angles, which keeps the tread flat on the road and lets the sidewalls flex.

so what

The radial tyre is still the standard design on nearly every road vehicle, so a repair-shop failure in 1889 helped set the template for modern tyres.

fun fact

The Michelin Guide, the restaurant guide, was first published in 1900 to encourage motorists to drive more and wear out their tyres.

more on this

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Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Illustrative photo · Cyril5C, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons