sportsWikipedia7th century · India

Chess began in 7th-century India as a battle game of infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots

the gist

Chess descends from chaturanga, a strategy game developed in 7th-century India in which pieces stood for infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots. It travelled to Persia, where the king became the central piece, and then through the Arab world into Europe. The modern rules took shape in Europe at the end of the 15th century, when the queen and bishop gained far greater power and games became faster. The goal, checkmate, likely comes from the Persian shah mat, meaning the king is helpless. Today millions play, and computers now play far better than any human.

how it works

Chaturanga was a four-part army game, and its pieces moved in ways that reflected those forces. As it spread, local players changed the moves, and in Europe the queen and bishop were made much more powerful, opening the game up. Those changes produced the faster game and the rules used today.

so what

Chess shows how a game can travel across continents and change its rules over centuries while keeping its core idea. Its history also marks a milestone in computing, since Deep Blue beat reigning world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.

fun fact

The word checkmate likely comes from the Persian shah mat, meaning the king is helpless.

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Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Photo: Alan Light, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons