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Rafflesia arnoldii: a plant with no visible stems or leaves that grows the largest single flower on Earth

the gist

Rafflesia arnoldii is a parasitic plant native to the rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo, and it produces the largest individual flower on Earth. Its body lives as threads inside a host vine, so the only visible part is the flower, which breaks through the host's bark. The flower smells like rotting flesh, which is where its common name, corpse flower, comes from. That smell attracts carrion flies, which carry pollen between flowers. Other plants have larger flowering structures, but those are clusters of many flowers, not single ones.

how it works

The plant grows as a network of threads inside its host vine and draws water and nutrients from it. The flower's odour mimics decaying meat, luring carrion flies and beetles that carry pollen to other flowers.

so what

Rafflesia shows how far a plant can go in giving up its own structure to a host, and how a bad smell can be a precise pollination strategy. It is a rare and striking example of how parasites can evolve extreme forms.

fun fact

Rafflesia is one of three national flowers of Indonesia, along with white jasmine and the moon orchid.

more on this

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons