historyWikipedia1858–1947 · India

The British Raj ruled India from 1858 to 1947, after the 1857 rebellion ended East India Company rule

the gist

The British Raj was the period when the British Crown ruled the Indian subcontinent, from 1858 to 1947. It began on 28 June 1858, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 led to the East India Company's rule being transferred to the Crown, and Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India in 1876. The region had two parts: directly governed British India, and princely states ruled by local rulers under British paramountcy. In 1947 the Raj was partitioned into the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Burma was administered as part of British India until 1937.

how it works

After the rebellion, Parliament took direct control from the East India Company. Britain then governed some areas itself and kept hundreds of princely states as allies under its paramountcy, a dual system that the 1947 partition ended.

so what

The Raj is the foundation of modern South Asian borders, administrative systems and legal traditions. Understanding the split between direct rule and princely states explains a great deal about how the subcontinent was shaped. The 1947 partition still defines relations in the region today.

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key facts

Country
British Empire
Capital
Kolkata
Population
318.9 million
Area
4.9 million km²
Founded
1858

Facts: Wikidata (CC0)

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons