The accordion was patented in Vienna in 1829, and by 1874 Tula was making 700,000 a year
the gist
The accordion's basic form is believed to have been invented in Berlin in 1822 by Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann. An instrument called accordion was patented in Vienna in 1829 by Cyrill Demian, whose early design was a bellows-driven instrument with a left-hand keyboard that sounded whole chords with one key. The instrument spread to Britain around 1828 and to Russia by about 1830, where Tula makers mass-produced it. Charles Wheatstone joined chords and melody keys in one squeezebox in 1844. Later innovations added switchable voices, electronics and MIDI.
so what
The accordion shows how a cheap, portable reed instrument spread across Europe and Russia and became a folk instrument in many cultures.
fun fact
The accordion was once a common folk instrument across Russia, where Tula factories alone were producing hundreds of thousands a year by the 1870s.
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Trump and Netanyahu reportedly clash over whether to resume military action against Iran
the gist
Israeli reports also say the cabinet directed the military to prepare for a possible new attack on Iran.
so what
The United States and Israel have been closely aligned on Iran's nuclear programme and regional threats, so open disagreement between their leaders over military strategy is unusual and closely watched. Whether to resume strikes is a decision with consequences for shipping, oil markets and the wider Middle East.
fun fact
Benjamin Netanyahu has served as Prime Minister of Israel for more years in total than any other person.
world cultures & travel·Wikivoyage·classic9th–15th century · Siem Reap, Cambodia
Angkor was the largest pre-industrial city on Earth, covering about 3,000 square kilometres
the gist
Angkor, near Siem Reap in northern Cambodia, was the capital of the Khmer Empire, which ruled much of mainland Southeast Asia between roughly the 9th and 15th centuries. At its height the city spread across about 3,000 square kilometres, making it the largest pre-industrial city on Earth by area. Its growth depended on water: huge reservoirs called barays, along with canals and embankments, stored monsoon rain and carried it to rice fields. That system let farmers harvest more than once a year and fed a very large population through the dry season. The temple complex of Angkor Wat, built in the early 12th century, is the best-known monument and still stands at the heart of the park.
how it works
The Khmer kings built enormous rectangular reservoirs that caught monsoon rain during the wet season. Earthen dykes and canals moved that water into rice paddies, so farmers could grow crops across much of the year. The surplus food supported craftsmen, builders and the workforce that raised the temples.
so what
Angkor shows how a society without industrial machinery could build a city on a scale that rivals modern metropolises, using engineering and water management instead. Some historians link its decline to drought, flooding and shifts in its water systems, which makes it a long-running case study in how cities depend on managing water. The site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important archaeological landscapes in Southeast Asia.
fun fact
The outline of Angkor Wat appears on the national flag of Cambodia.
more on this
background
Angkor (Khmer: អង្គរ [ʔɑŋkɔː], lit. 'capital city'), also known as Yasodharapura (Khmer: យសោធរបុរៈ; Sanskrit: यशोधरपुर), was the capital city of the Khmer Empire, located in present-day Cambodia. The empire flourished from approximately the 9th to the 15th centuries. The site of Angkor has a variety of religious temples, libraries, moats, and other buildings. These other buildings could have been used by officials to the grand palace housing the Khmer king. Those constructed outside the main complex were not made of stone. One of the more visited places in Angkor is Angkor Wat, a temple complex that is one of Cambodia's tourist attractions.