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The Atacama Desert is so dry that NASA has used it to test Mars missions

the gist

The Atacama Desert is a high plateau on the Pacific coast of northern Chile, stretching about 1,600 kilometres between the Andes and the ocean. It is the driest nonpolar desert in the world and the largest fog desert. Two mountain chains block moisture from both the Pacific and the Atlantic, creating a double rain shadow. A cool ocean current and a strong high-pressure system keep the air stable, so rain almost never falls. Its dry, rocky terrain resembles parts of Mars, which is why space agencies have used it to simulate Martian exploration.

how it works

Moist air from the Pacific cannot cross the Chilean Coast Range, and moist air from the Atlantic cannot cross the Andes. The air sinks and warms in the high plateau, while the cold Humboldt Current creates a temperature inversion that stops clouds from forming. The result is almost no rainfall.

so what

The Atacama shows how geography can create extreme conditions that serve as natural laboratories, helping researchers test equipment and methods for other planets.

fun fact

The Atacama Desert has been used as a site to simulate Mars missions.

more on this

key facts

Country
Chile
Area
1.8 million km²
Elevation
2,657 m

Facts: Wikidata (CC0)

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons