nature & planetWikipedia
Socotra, an island off Yemen, has so many unique plants that it looks like another planet
Socotra is a Yemeni island in the Indian Ocean, about 380 kilometres south of the Arabian Peninsula. Geologically it is a fragment of the Somali plate, so although it is culturally part of Yemen, its land is linked to Africa. Its isolation has produced an extraordinary number of endemic species: about a third of its plants grow nowhere else on Earth. The island's dragon's blood trees and bottle-shaped trees give it an alien appearance, and UNESCO recognised it as a World Heritage Site in 2008.
Islands that are cut off from the mainland evolve on their own, so species that arrive by chance diversify into new forms with no competitors or predators from elsewhere. Over long periods this produces a high share of endemic species.
Socotra is a living laboratory of evolution, where isolation has produced species found nowhere else. Its rich biodiversity makes it an important conservation site, even as its remoteness keeps it little known.
Socotra's dragon's blood trees produce a red resin that has been used for centuries.
see
key facts
- Country
- Yemen
- Located in
- Socotra Archipelago Governorate
- Capital
- Hadibu
- Population
- 42,842
- Area
- 3,796 km²
Facts: Wikidata (CC0)
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image: Wikimedia Commons
